EXW “EX WORK”

Can be used for any transport mode or where there is more than one transport mode

The seller has to make the goods available, suitably packaged, at the specified place, usually the seller’s factory or depot.

 

FCA “FREE CARRIER”

Can be used for any transport mode or where there is more than one transport mode.

The seller is responsible for export clearance; the buyer assumes all risks and costs after the goods have been delivered at the named place.

 

FAS “FREE ALONGSIDE SHIP”

Use of this rule is restricted to goods transported by sea or inland waterway. 

Seller delivers goods, cleared for export, alongside the vessel at a named port, at which point risk transfers to the buyer.

The buyer is responsible for loading the goods and all costs thereafter.

 

FOB “FREE ON BOARD”

Use of this rule is restricted to goods transported by sea or inland waterway.

Seller delivers goods, cleared for export, loaded on board the vessel at the named port.

Once the goods have been loaded on board, risk transfers to the buyer, who bears all costs thereafter.

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CFR “COST AND FREIGHT”

Use of this rule is restricted to goods transported by sea or inland waterway.

Seller arranges and pays for transport to named port. Seller delivers goods, cleared for export, loaded on board the vessel. However, risk transfers from seller to buyer once the goods have been loaded on board, i.e. before the main carriage takes place. NB seller is not responsible for insuring the goods for the main carriage.

 

CIF “COST, INSURANCE AND FREIGHT”

Use of this rule is restricted to goods transported by sea or inland waterway.

Seller arranges and pays for transport to named port. Seller delivers goods, cleared for export, loaded on board the vessel. However, risk transfers from seller to buyer once the goods have been loaded on board, i.e. before the main carriage takes place. Seller also arranges and pays for insurance for the goods for carriage to the named port.

 

CPT “CARRIAGE PAID TO…”

Can be used for any transport mode or where there is more than one transport mode.

The seller is responsible for arranging carriage to the named place, but not for insuring the goods to the named place.  However, delivery of the goods takes place, and risk transfers from seller to buyer, at the point where the goods are taken in charge by a carrier 

 

CIP “CARRIAGE AND INSURANCE PAID TO…”

Can be used for any transport mode or where there is more than one transport mode.

The seller is responsible for arranging carriage to the named place, and also for insuring the goods. However, delivery of the goods takes place, and risk transfers from seller to buyer, at the point where the goods are taken in charge by a carrier

 

DAT “DELIVERED AT TERMINAL”

Can be used for any transport mode or where there is more than one transport mode.

The seller is responsible for arranging carriage and for delivering the goods, unloaded from the arriving conveyance, at the named place. Risk transfers from seller to buyer when the goods have been unloaded. ‘Terminal’ can be any place – a quay, container yard, warehouse or transport hub.

The buyer is responsible for import clearance and any applicable local taxes or import duties.

 

DAP “DELIVERED AT PLACE”

Can be used for any transport mode or where there is more than one transport mode.

The seller is responsible for arranging carriage and for delivering the goods, ready for unloading from the arriving conveyance, at the named place. Risk transfers from seller to buyer when the goods are available for unloading; so unloading is at the buyer’s risk.

The buyer is responsible for import clearance and any applicable local taxes or import duties.

 

DDP “DELIVERED DUTY PAID”  (entregado con pago de aranceles)

Can be used for any transport mode or where there is more than one transport mode.

The seller is responsible for arranging carriage and delivering the goods at the named place, cleared for import and all applicable taxes and duties paid. Risk transfers from seller to buyer when the goods are made available to the buyer, ready for unloading from the arriving conveyance

This rule places the maximum obligation on the seller, and is the only rule that requires the seller to take responsibility for import clearance and payment of taxes and/or import duty.